X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

XPS spectrometers are used for the advanced surface analysis of materials. As the demand for high-performance and more complex materials increases, so does the importance of surface engineering. The surface of material is the point of interaction with the external environment and other materials; therefore, many of the problems associated with modern materials can be solved only by understanding the physical and chemical interactions occuring at its surface or at the interfaces of its layers. The surface influences factors such as corrosion rates, catalytic activity, adhesive properties, wettability, contact potential, and failure mechanisms - to name just a few.